Cysteine-rich proteins
	Overexpressed cysteine-rich proteins often aggregate due to the incorrect formation of disulfide bonds. In unmodified cells these proteins do not aggregate since they are expressed at low level (typically below 0.1% of the total cell protein). At such low concentrations molecular chaperones are in excess to the cysteine-rich proteins which ensures correct formation of disulfide bonds. However, if a cysteine-rich protein is overexpressed, its concentration by far exceeds the concentration of molecular chaperones, resulting in its misfolding and aggregation.
	AB Vector's insect cell-baculovirus expression systems allow overexpression of both a cysteine-rich protein and the molecular chaperone protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which is responsible for the correct formation of disulfide bonds.
	Examples
	1.For best results co-express cysteine-rich target protein and PDI using the same recombinant baculovirus. To this end, clone a DNA fragment encoding the target protein into a plasmid transfer vector, such as pVL1393 and co-transfect the resulting construct with ProFold™-PDI linearized baculovirus DNA.
	2.You have already constructed a recombinant baculovirus using conventional vectors, but you would like to supplement expression of target with expression of PDI. To this end, co-infect insect cells with your recombinant baculovirus and FoldHelper™-57P, which expresses PDI to a high level.
	3.Target cysteine-rich protein is a glycoprotein. In this case follow recommendations for Glycoproteins.
	4.Target cysteine-rich protein is a secreted protein. In this case follow recommendations for Secreted proteins.
	5.Target cysteine-rich protein is a transmembrane protein. In this case follow recommendations for Transmembrane proteins.
	Relevant products
	Plasmid transfer vectors                             Click on the product name for technical information! Cat # Product Specification Unit size Price* B1 pVL1393 High level of target protein expression 50 μl, 0.5 μg/μl $295.00   Linearized baculovirus vector DNA CsCl purified and digested with Bsu 36.I                  Click on the product name for technical information! Cat # Product Specification Unit size Price* A7 ProFold™-PDI Overexpressed PDI facilitates folding of cysteine-rich proteins High level of target protein expression from the same genome as PDI 25 μl, 2.5 μg 5 transfections $465.00 A10S ProEasy™ The easiest generation of recombinant baculoviruses Ideal for HST applications High level of target protein expression 25 μl, 2.5 μg 5 transfections $599.00   FoldHelper™ recombinant baculovirus        Click on the product name for technical information! Cat # Product Specification Unit size Price* H17 FoldHelper™-57PRecombinant baculovirus stock Overexpressed PDI and ERp57 to facilitate folding of cysteine-rich proteins 1 ml, 108 p.f.u./ml $295.00
	*Pricing and online ordering is for US and Canadian customers only. Contact Tel: 1-866-683-2867, Fax 1-760-454-2465, email info@abvector.com to order in North America. Go to PRODUCTS page to order on line. For international ordering go to Order page or Home page.
	If you have not worked with recombinant baculoviruses, you can get a quick update at MATERIALS AND METHODS
	Click on PRODUCTS to view the entire list of recombinant baculovirus-related products.

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